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Appendix Two:
Activities for Teaching about the Age of the Universe and Its Contents
Below are a few activities that you can do with your students to show them how science works and how we have
come to know about the age and evolution of the universe.
At the beginning of any discussion of the age and origin of the universe, it is helpful to have the students,
working in small groups, discuss and write down their views on questions such as (a) How do you think the Universe
began? (b) Where did you get this understanding? (c) Of the answers which your classmates gave for question (a),
which do you think is the most correct? Why? This activity can be repeated at the end of the topic.
* Cosmic Calendar: www.astrosociety.org/education/astro/act2/cosmic.html
Students learn to scale the history of the universe since
the Big Bang to a one-year calendar, noting where significant
events (such as the formation of the Earth or the rise of
humans) would fall in that year.
* Toilet Paper Geologic Time Scale: www.nthelp.com/eer/HOAtimetp.html
This activity uses a roll of toilet paper to measure out the 4.6-billion year time span since the Earth formed
to scale. Includes a list of major events in biology and geology over that span.
* Exploring Mars: Old, Relatively: cass.jsc.nasa.gov/expmars/activities/oldrel.html
Students examine an image of part of the Mariner Valley complex on Mars with craters and landslides, to see which
features formed in what order. (A similar activity using an image with outflow channels and craters is found at:
cass.jsc.nasa.gov/expmars/channels.html)
* Hubble Deep Field Academy: amazing-space.stsci.edu/hdf-top-level.html
Students work with real images from the "Hubble Deep Field" - a long exposure view of the most distant
galaxies - as they learn about galaxy classification and estimating galaxy distances. (Good use of real data!)
Some of the "too-cute" web features may discourage older students, but hard-copy versions are available
and can be down-loaded.
* The Expanding Universe: btc.montana.edu/ceres/html/uni1.html
An activity on Hubble's Law, which describes the expansion of the universe. Students measure the separation of
dots on an expanding balloon and derive the relationship. Involves learning about cepheid variable stars and cosmic
distance measurement.
* Direct Hit at the K-T Boundary in Exploring Meteorite Mysteries: spacelink.nasa.gov/Instructional.Materials/NASA.Educational.Products/Exploring.Meteorite.Mysteries/
Students search for evidence for an impact 65 million years ago that may have killed the dinosaurs (and as many
as half of all species living on Earth) and study how such an impact might have affected global climate.
For more activities like this, see two collections of hands-on astronomy activities published by the non-profit
Astronomical Society of the Pacific:
You can call 1-800-335-2624 to order these books.
For a much longer list of good astronomy activities on the Web, see:
www.astrosociety.org/education/activities/astroacts.html
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Cosmic Calendar